The effects of climate change play out very differently in various contexts.

On 13 June, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) held a ministerial-level open debate on climate change, peace and security—the latest in a 

Research in 2020 found that 12 out of the 20 countries most vulnerable to climate change were also affected by conflict.

The energy crisis has sparked a rethink of how Europe defines and prioritises its energy security.

Sampling bias poses enormous challenges to research as it can undermine the validity of results, cause significant knowledge gaps, result in research that is driven by convenience rather than need and limit the ability to provide policy advice.

The extended period of violent conflict experienced in the tri-border region of Liptako Gourma is the result of complex political, economic, environmental, and security governance crises.