This article was originally published on July 29, 2026, as part of an ongoing collaboration between the
Analysis published by Bruegel, April 2025. 
Briefer published by the Center for Climate & Security, April 2025. 
Report published by the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI), April 2025.  
Journal article published by The Extractive Industries and Society - ScienceDirect, March 2025.&n
Original research article published in Environment and Security, March 2025.