Sampling bias poses enormous challenges to research as it can undermine the validity of results, cause significant knowledge gaps, result in research that is driven by convenience rather than need and limit the ability to provide policy advice.

The extended period of violent conflict experienced in the tri-border region of Liptako Gourma is the result of complex political, economic, environmental, and security governance crises.

Climate security risks are becoming increasingly noticeable. Extreme heat and drought aggravate water and food insecurity in the world’s already most fragile countries.

The wildfires raging in Canada are yet another reminder that climate change is already having an impact on all our lives.

Climate change is often described as a ‘threat multiplier’ that intensifies human insecurity and can thus lead to conflicts as well as migration. The interconnections between climate change, conflict and migration are complex and dynamic, however, with no simple line of causality.

In recent years, Egypt has played a major role in the response to climate insecurity.